MembrEin-Kult – Transparent Enclosures for Art Objects and Monuments

Transparente Kulturgut-Einhausung
© Fraunhofer IBP
Untersuchung von transparenten Membran-Einhausungen auf dem Freilandversuchsgelände des Fraunhofer IBP in Holzkirchen.

Every year, numerous art objects and monuments are enclosed to protect them against the weather, typically using wooden structures. However, the resulting humid indoor climate of these enclosures promotes microbial growth and increases freeze-thaw damage, often leading to expensive restorations. The project partners have therefore developed a modular enclosure system for outdoor cultural assets exposed to the elements, using transparent membranes and an innovative ventilation system. This ensures effective moisture removal under all weather conditions and eliminates moisture as the main cause of damage. Through a self-regulating ventilation system, the enclosure maintains a drier interior climate, allowing the enclosed artifacts to dry quickly and remain dry. This prevents freeze-thaw cycles from causing damage. The modular design facilitates assembly, disassembly, and storage, so that art objects both remain visible and are better protected.

Project goals

The project aimed to develop an aesthetically pleasing, transparent membrane enclosure for cultural artifacts exposed to the elements. This enclosure features an intrinsically functioning ventilation system, powered by a combination of solar radiation and ventilation openings. This design is to provide a consistently warmer and drier indoor climate for the stones to be protected, enabling quick drying and preventing rehumidification. In addition, the enclosure aims to reduce thermal stresses within the stone. The enclosure should also be easily adaptable to the specific needs of the cultural asset being protected. The field tests with prototype enclosures were conducted and accompanied by measurements, with results compared to a flow simulation to validate the functional principle.

Project results

Measurements and simulation results have shown that a transparent enclosure, designed according to the specified principles, offers sustainable protection for cultural assets. To this end, both innovative transparent membrane enclosures and conventional wooden enclosures built according to current industry standards were installed and examined comparatively at the Fraunhofer IBP’S outdoor test site in Valley. The climatic conditions (relative humidity and temperature) were measured in two wooden enclosures and in two transparent enclosures. In addition, the weight change of the test stone was measured in one transparent enclosure using a scale and compared to an unprotected weather-exposed stone.

 

The results showed that the indoor climate within the transparent enclosure was superior – not only in terms of lower humidity but also in reducing thermal stress - compared to both wooden enclosures and complete exposure to weather conditions. In addition, the cultural artifacts in the enclosure with transparent design remain visible even during winter months (see Figure 2).

Konzeption und Durchführung der Versuche im Freigelände
© Fraunhofer IBP
Abbildung 1: Konzeption und Durchführung der Versuche im Freigelände.
Messungen der relativen Feuchte und Temperatur der Einhausungen
© Fraunhofer IBP
Abbildung 2: Messungen der relativen Feuchte und Temperatur in den Einhausungen.

Project partners

  • Stegmaier Textiltechnik GmbH & Co.KG
  • beckh vorhammer - beratender Ingenieur + Ingenieure PartG mbH
Transparente Kulturgut-Einhausung
© Fraunhofer IBP
Transparente Kulturgut-Einhausung (Geometrien nach Stand der Technik).
Kulturgut-Einhausung in kristalliner Form
© beck vorhammer
Transparente Kulturgut-Einhausung in kristalliner Form.